作者指南

1.  Submission of Manuscripts

• All manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the journal’s official online submission system: https://www.ipress.tw/J0177 .
• Manuscript files must be submitted in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx).
• Authors must upload three separate files:
• A full manuscript containing the title, abstract, main text, references, figures, and tables.
• An anonymized manuscript with all information that could identify the author(s) removed, including names, affiliations, acknowledgments, funding information, ORCID iDs, and other identifying details, to support double-blind peer review.
• A separate file titled “Author Information,” containing the information specified in Section 12.
• Manuscripts must be original, must not have been published previously, and must not be under consideration by another journal. Duplicate publication, plagiarism, and other unethical publication practices are prohibited. Authors are responsible for the originality and integrity of their submissions.
• Any request to add, remove, or rearrange authors must be made before formal acceptance. Such a request must be supported by written agreement from all listed authors and approved by the Editor-in-Chief. Authors should therefore confirm the author list and author order carefully before submission.
• After the editorial office confirms that the submission complies with the journal’s formatting requirements and APA Style (7th Edition), the corresponding author will receive an acknowledgment email with a manuscript ID.

2. Manuscript Format

• A manuscript must not exceed 20 pages, including the main text, references, tables, figures, appendices, and other supplementary material included in the manuscript. The journal does not impose a separate word-count limit.
• Use Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 1.5 line spacing throughout the manuscript. Set the left and right margins to 1.5 inches. Number all manuscript pages consecutively.
• Figures, tables, and illustrations should be clearly labeled and placed in appropriate locations in the manuscript or at the end of the file. The layout should remain clear and readable in the submitted Word document.
• Manuscripts must be written in clear, grammatically accurate English. Either American or British English is acceptable, but one style should be used consistently throughout the paper. Manuscripts that require substantial language correction may be returned before peer review.

3.Organization of the Manuscript

• Title Page: The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the study. In the full manuscript, list the author names, academic or professional affiliations, and relevant contact information. These identifying details must not appear in the anonymized manuscript.
• Abstract: Provide an abstract of no more than 150 words that briefly states the purpose, methodology, major findings, and implications of the study.
• Keywords: Provide 3 to 5 keywords immediately after the abstract.
• Main Text: Organize the manuscript with clear sections and subsections. Depending on the nature of the study, sections may include Introduction, Literature Review, Notations and Assumptions, Research Design/Methodology, Model Formulation/Conceptual Framework, Data Analysis and Results, Discussion, Conclusions, and Implications.
• Acknowledgments: Acknowledgments may identify financial support, research assistance, or institutional support. To protect double-blind review, acknowledgments should not appear in the anonymized manuscript. For initial submission, include such information in the separate Author Information file. Acknowledgments may be restored to the manuscript after acceptance.
• References: Include a complete reference list and format all references according to APA Style (7th Edition). See Section 11 for details.

4. Figures and Illustrations

• Figures should be of publication quality and must remain clear when viewed in the Word manuscript. When separate figure files are requested, use suitable high-quality digital formats such as EPS, PDF, SVG, TIFF, PNG, or JPEG. As a general guide, use at least 300 dpi for photographs, 600 dpi for combination figures, and 1,000–1,200 dpi for line art.
• Number figures consecutively in the order in which they are first cited in the text (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.). Provide a concise caption below each figure.
• For double-blind review, remove author-identifying information from figures and captions. If a figure is reproduced or adapted from another source, provide appropriate source attribution and obtain any required permission.
• Text inside figures should be legible and use consistent fonts. Do not rely on color alone to communicate essential distinctions.

5.  In-Text Citations (APA 7th Edition)

• One author: (Foxall, 2018) or Foxall (2018).
• Two authors: (Mason & Missingham, 2019) or Mason and Missingham (2019).
• Three or more authors: use et al. from the first citation, for example, (Ewert et al., 2014) or Ewert et al. (2014).
• Multiple works in one citation should be separated by semicolons, for example, (Chen, 2020; García & Li, 2021). For works by the same author in the same year, use letters, for example, (Wang, 2019a, 2019b).
• For direct quotations, include a page number or paragraph number when appropriate, for example, (Smith, 2022, p. 15).
• For group authors, give the full organization name at first citation and introduce an abbreviation when appropriate, for example, (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020); subsequent citations may use (WHO, 2020).
• Every in-text citation must have a corresponding entry in the reference list, and every reference-list entry must be cited in the text.

6. Tables

• Prepare tables as editable text rather than as images. Tables may be placed near their first mention in the manuscript or on separate pages after the references, provided the presentation is clear and consistent.
• Number tables consecutively as Table 1, Table 2, and so on.
• Provide a brief, self-explanatory title above each table. Table notes, when needed, should appear below the table and follow APA Style.
• For double-blind review, remove author-identifying information from table content and notes. When data are reproduced or adapted, provide appropriate source and permission information.

7. Headings

• Use a numbered heading hierarchy with no more than three levels: 1, 1.1, and 1.1.1 (followed by 1.1.2, 1.1.3, etc., as needed).
• Do not use a fourth-level heading. Keep headings concise, parallel in structure, and consistent throughout the manuscript.

8. Footnotes

• Footnotes in the main text are not permitted. Essential information should be incorporated into the main narrative.
• If a note is absolutely necessary, use an endnote sparingly. The journal may relocate or edit such notes during production.
• Table notes are permitted and should be presented in a smaller font than the main text, following APA Style where applicable.

9. Symbols, Units, and Abbreviations

• Use internationally recognized symbols and SI units whenever applicable. Include a leading zero for decimal values less than one (e.g., 0.05).
• Use standard mathematical typesetting conventions: italicize algebraic variables, set vectors in bold, and keep mathematical functions in upright type.
• Define each abbreviation at first use by writing the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. Use the abbreviation consistently thereafter. Avoid unnecessary or nonstandard abbreviations.

10.  Mathematics and Equations

• Prepare all mathematical expressions, symbols, and equations using Microsoft Word’s Equation Editor or another equation tool fully compatible with Microsoft Word. Equations must be clear, editable, and aligned as intended for publication.
• Use standard notation and define Greek letters, special symbols, subscripts, and superscripts when they first appear. Maintain consistent notation throughout the paper.
• Set vectors in boldface. Scalars should remain in regular type, and matrices should be clearly distinguishable, commonly by using bold capital letters.
• Number only equations that are explicitly referred to in the text. Number them consecutively within each section using Arabic numerals in parentheses aligned to the right margin. For example, the first equation in Section 3 should be numbered (3.1).
• Refer to equations in the text by number, for example, “Equation (3.1)” or “Eq. (3.1),” rather than by their position on the page.

11. References

• • • List all cited works at the end of the manuscript in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author.
    • For works written in Roman-alphabet languages, retain the original title. For works written in non-Roman scripts, such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Cyrillic, or Arabic, provide a Romanized transliteration or an English translation and indicate the original language when appropriate.
    • Include a DOI whenever one is available. Present the DOI as a URL in the form https://doi.org/xxxxx.
    • The journal follows APA Style (7th Edition). The following examples illustrate common reference types:

    Book or eBook: Ewert, E. W., Mitten, D. S., & Overholt, J. R. (2014). Natural environments and human health. CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845939199.0000

    Chapter in an Edited Book or eBook: Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

    Journal Article: Washington, E. T. (2014). An overview of cyberbullying in higher education. Adult Learning, 26(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159514558412

    Conference Proceedings Published in a Journal: Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

    Government Agency Report: National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.

    Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis: Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

    Webpage with Author and Date: Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost.

    • For an unpublished thesis or dissertation available only through a university library or repository, identify it as unpublished in square brackets. If it is publicly available through a database or repository, include the DOI or stable URL when appropriate.
    • Use credible webpages with identifiable authors and publication dates. Retrieval dates are generally unnecessary unless the content is designed to change over time.

    For additional APA 7 reference examples, consult the official APA Style website: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples#textual-workss

12. Authors’ Information

• • • Upload a separate file titled “Author Information.” The file must list all authors in the same order as the manuscript and provide the following information for each author:
    • Full name.
    • Full institutional affiliation, including department, university or organization, city, and country.
    • ORCID iD, if available.
    • Email address; an institutional email address is preferred.
    • A brief biography.
    • Major area(s) of expertise or research, up to three keywords.
    • Funding and financial disclosures relevant to the submitted research.

    Funding and Financial Disclosures: Authors must disclose any grant support, fellowship, institutional funding, or other financial contribution that supported the research. If there is no relevant funding, state: “Funding and Financial Disclosures: None.” If funding was received, identify the funding agency and grant number when available.

    Example Author Entry:

    Full Name: Author 1

    Affiliation: Department of Information Management, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    ORCID iD: 0000-0000-0000-0000

    E-mail: author1@tku.edu.tw

    Brief Biography: [Provide a short professional biography.]

    Major Area(s): Decision Sciences, Information Systems, Data Analytics

    Funding and Financial Disclosures: None.

.

13. Editorial Screening, Peer Review, and Research Transparency

• All submissions undergo an initial editorial screening for journal scope, basic academic quality, and compliance with journal policies and formatting requirements.
• Before peer review, manuscripts may be screened using professional similarity-detection software.
• Manuscripts that pass editorial screening are evaluated through double-blind peer review by at least two independent reviewers with relevant expertise. Editorial decisions are made by the Editors on the basis of the reviewers’ reports and the academic merit of the manuscript.
• Authors are encouraged to include a Data Availability Statement explaining where and how the underlying data or research materials may be accessed, or describing any restrictions related to privacy, confidentiality, legal requirements, or other legitimate constraints.
• Methods, measures, data procedures, and analyses should be reported transparently to support reproducibility and responsible research practice. Studies involving human participants or personal data must have appropriate ethical approval and comply with applicable regulations.
• Authors must disclose the use of AI-assisted tools in the manuscript. AI-assisted tools must not replace core research activities or the authors’ responsibility for the accuracy, originality, interpretation, and integrity of the work.